Getting Design Approval: The Single Mockup Theory
Posted by Darren Hoyt on May 26th, 2008.
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For years, my employer has included this line in their standard contract: “We will propose 2-3 homepage mockups and a single secondary page mockup”.
There are variations on this throughout the industry, but overall it’s pretty standard, the assumption being that clients should see multiple concepts before choosing a direction for their website.
But it doesn’t often work.
Never having faced these kinds (or any kind) of design choices before, the client often takes the weakest elements of one mockup, suggests merging them with the weakest elements of the other mockup, and because they’re paying you big dollars, you’re expected to comply.
Now you’re both stuck. You’ve allowed them to settle on a mishmash Frankenstein product and bogged them down with a maze of choices rather than doing the right thing — using your expertise to steer them in the right direction.
What’s worse is that the endless back-and-forths with the client have wiped out your design budget. You’ve got zero remaining hours for your Frankenstein homepage and minimal hours left for designing important secondary page concepts like product listings or blog pages.
Reverse the Numbers
In the past year, I’ve pushed to change our standard contract to say, “We will propose 1 wireframe, 1 homepage mockup, and 2-3 secondary page mockups”. So far the result has been distinctly happier clients and happier designers.
Why? The underlying idea is that a design budget is better spent with ample planning, strategy and confidence applied to one “definitely” design, rather than letting clients chase after multiple “maybe” designs.
Meetings and Exploratory Time
Initial meet-and-greets are a great opportunity to squeeze the client for information on their tastes and their industry. If they’re overwhelmed or unable to offer useful information, it’s your job to get them in touch with their own opinions.
I’ve found it helpful to use a big-screen projector while browsing select sites from CSS Beauty or Most Inspired or Best Web Gallery. Try to gauge what ‘moods’ the client responds to, as they relate to specific colors, shapes, layouts and typography. It should become apparent what the client likes, and more importantly, doesn’t like. If they’re still indifferent, explain to them which sites work for you and be specific about why.
I also have clients bring in marketing materials like business cards, photos and brochures. Lay them out on the table and see what they do and don’t like about their existing business identity. If they absolutely need certain elements from their print materials to carry over to the website, discuss ways you can and can’t deviate.
We’ve now established some things about design aesthetics, but before the meeting is over, we also want to establish the content types that will display on the homepage: marketing text, taglines, blog excerpts, featured products, masthead imagery. Break them into modules and sketch it on paper if necessary, or use a tool like Best4C.
By now we have both ‘mood’ and modules established, which will make it easier to determine the sort of layout we’ll need: minimalist, blog style, magazine style, corporate, or otherwise. When the meeting is over, both designer and client should leave with a clear mental picture and be ready to set a single design strategy in motion.
Moodboards, Wireframes & Info Design
If the client is on a smaller budget, you may need to skip ahead to creating a polished homepage mockup. Otherwise, it’s good to use the post-meeting/pre-design phase for making preliminary sketches either in the form of wireframes or simple moodboards.
The ‘Polished’ Homepage Mockup
Once these general blueprints are client-approved, the table should be set for you to create a focused, polished mockup. I’ve found client approval to come more easily if the mockup is presented with thorough notes on why your design team felt it worked, was strong, and represented them well. As we are the appointed experts in this case, they are often willing to listen.
Why Multiple Secondary Mockups?
If the client’s site will have dynamic features like a shopping cart, for example, mocking up the interior product pages is going to be pivotal. Clients who barely care about the color scheme on their homepage will definitely, and loudly, have opinions on the user-experience of their store. Plus, you and your production team will need to know how static pages and sublevel navigation will look. If you already hit your single homepage concept out of the park, there should be plenty of budget left over for getting these interior pages on track and providing additional mid-phase information design.
Why additional information design? Because no matter how “100% sure” a client is about the content materials they provided upfront, trust they will ALWAYS need help re-organizing their content halfway through the build process, once they’ve seen it on the screen.
It’s our job to be patient throughout the strategy process — what’s second-nature to us is likely to be completely foreign to them. Ideally, we should know when to take charge and when to collaborate equally.
Related Quotes
This process of creating one mock up is really trying to get the message across that if you take more time accessing the clients needs with well planned data gathering / analysis you will get the mock up that’s a good fit for the company first time.
Many clients like the idea of having the option to choose between multiple design concepts. However, although on the surface this might appear to be a good idea it can ultimately be counterproductive for design sign off.
In a world of limited budgets it is unwise to waste money on producing designs that are ultimately going to be thrown away. The resources would be better spent refining a single design through multiple iterations.
What is more, multiple concepts often cause confusion rather than clarity. It is common for a client to request one element from one design and another from the second. As any designer knows this seldom works.
If you present clients with multiple ideas and expect them to choose one, invariably, the end result is muted and diluted as the message of the different ideas gets blended together. This is what happens when you approach the situation with an offering.
Instead of spending time creating 3 differnt comps, ideas, or concepts, take aim at that one that’s great and make it amazing. Blow them out of the water. Leave them speechless. That’s guiding.
It’s really about taking them where you feel and know they need to go. You may be a little off course and that is to be expected. Believe it or not, your clients are looking to you for answers, and they want to help you find those answers. They are looking to you for guidance to the best solution.
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51 Responses to Getting Design Approval: The Single Mockup Theory
I generally use two approaches: I present or a single mockup (the best one out of a series of grahical attempts) or the early grahical attempts (through Basecamp) using an agile approach and involving the customer in the decisional process.
I have come to dislike the idea of showing the client a variety of sites to try to understand their likes and dislikes. I believe websites should be designed graphically to suit the likes and dislikes of the site users, not the site owners, and too many site owners are unable to separate these two very different ideas. I prefer to ask site owners, "What perception do you want your site users to have regarding your company/service"? Then I try to give them a design that fulfills that goal.
At my job we just present one mock-up with several secondary page mock-ups, because it’s just the best way - no Frankenstein :-)
It has been my experience that if presented with several different mockups a client will more often than not go for the ‘mashup’ of designs - a bit of this, a bit of that, much to the frustration of the designer.
Steve Rose said:"I believe websites should be designed graphically to suit the likes and dislikes of the site users, not the site owners, and too many site owners are unable to separate these two very different ideas."Amen! I actually turned down an otherwise attractive position in an agency because the client I would be focusing on could not grasp this concept. The attitude was very much "we know what our visitors want," and the expectation was that I would merely code what the client asked for, not what they actually needed.
I think there’s a lot of sense in this article as I’m sure we’ve all come accross the same situation: you create three mockups - one really creative concept, one really conservative concept, and one middle of the road concept. Sure enough, nine times out of ten the client picks the ‘wrong’ concept - the middle of the road idea. Why did we even give them the option?However, I think there’s more to this. We have to accept that as creative types, we’re always going to prefer that slightly more leftfield concept - that’s our nature. The client who’s expectations are shaped somewhat differently to ours, is probably hoping for something a bit more conventional than we would like - a ’safer’ option. Does that mean that we’re right and they’re wrong? I don’t think so.The argument of this article can work the other way too, because if you present only one option and the client doesn’t like it, then time and budget can get spent bending the concept to something the client does like. Sometimes providing multiple concepts allows the client to feel involved and have some input into the overall decision, without the project turning into design by committee or some beastly frankenstein.
Total agreement here, great article! We started offering 1 concept about a year ago. We explain to them that we’d rather give them 1 strong concept rather than several weak ones and they seem to understand that. Often they still request more than 1 and we honor that too, but I agree that almost always, 1 concept gets better restults. Anyhow, when you offer more than one, there’s always one you know is better and the client picks the worse one, right? Or the frankenstein mish mash, which is yuck too.I agree with Steve on putting too much importance in what type of site the client likes. This can be helpful depending on the level of knowledge they have about the industry or web in general, but sometimes they don’t really know. It’s up to you either way to research their industry as much as you can and make something in line with that.Interesting about the Mood Board idea. I never heard of that! We pretty much do wireframes on all sites nowadays, whether the client sees them or not. I think it helps the design process a lot later.
Brilliant article, thanks!
Sometimes I dont have to redesign/change anything, though this depends on the client’s input and last minute overhaul changes.Usually we have two stages: proposal and after clients give their opinion changes and refinement go on that what the final website will be.
Great article and great comments. I’ve been providing my clients with two design drafts up till now and I think I’m going to change that now to one homepage design and a couple of secondary "inside" pages. I give all my clients questionnaires where I try to dig out as much information about the sites that they like, dislike, colours they like and so on. That often yields a lot more information than when I meet them face to face because they seem to take a bit more time on the questionnaire and are under no pressure to give answers to me. So I try to take their "likes" and build them what they need and make as many recommendations as possible if they are erring off onto some sort of web monstrosity.
I’ve been doing this for a few years, the key is to have a very solid process, where the client approves and has input into the requirements list, the site architecture, the wireframes and the color scheme before they see the design. If you’ve done that, then they already have some idea what the concept will look like, and it’s easy to get them to sign off on it. If you just ambush them with a concept from out of nowhere they will resist, and demand changes or new concepts.
We generally use a single mock up approach for all our work. We find that using a workflow of a project sheet (either filled in by the client or by us and the client), writing a spec & scope document (usually with wireframes), then presentation of visual (usually 2-3 key pages). We then have a meeting and produce any amendments. Often we can so these in the template / build stage.
This is a really great post. I have been so frustrated with offering 3 mockups. I think you are so right to offer one. This also places the finances of the design budget into the slot of "really discovering what the client likes to get it right the first time" Great ideas, love the blog
I work for an agency as a creative director and have found that very few clients will accept the 1 mock approach. I have tried this idea and when our AE is speaking with the primary stakeholders, rarely will they go for this approach. As the creative director, it is my responsibility to steer them in the right direction and they usually pick the best design. From there we build the interior comps based off of the approved index comp.
It’s usually the clients with no artistic taste who are very picky!
- Mostly clients set up the wireframe?- Many clients often include references to sites they like. - Without the necessary content a mockup seems sterile?
Great discussion. What about presenting a single mockup, but allow customers to collaborate on the design using a program like Gliffy? This way you can allow them to specifically suggest what types of changes they have in mind (but you still have the option to revert to earlier versions). No matter what trends occur, people always want their opinions heard!debik at gliffy dot com
I like this theory. I always thought I was giving clients options by doing several mockups. In reality, I’ve always produced one really detailed comp; then reproduced the same layout in slightly different color schemes - making the client think they were seeing something different. I actually listen to clients and what they think they want but ultimately, I’m the designer and I know what I’m doing.
Absoletely true. Spend as much time and resources in the planning stage, really learn the clients likes and dislikes, and then present them the one. Your pitch should be, this is what we think is the best solution for you. The more versions you give them, the longer it will take and usually overall the worse and more muddled and unfocused it will be.
Nice post, do you have any on how to defend logo designs….I always have pronlems with that :(
This is a really great post. Excellent atricle…
Brilliant post, thanks for sharing.
Good insight. I normally work on 2 drafts based upon a series of questions, slected reference sites from the client, my own research, and the corporate identity of the company. Generally, people like to have choices and providing 2 well conceptualized drafts solves this. It also shows that you hae done your homework and is serious enough. At the end, it’s up to the agent to direct a disgruntled client into closing on a concept.
I had never thought about suggesting only one markup. It makes perfect sense though, especially if you do good homework on what they are looking for. I really liked the idea of projecting a CSS gallery to get feedback. Thanks for the article.
Great resource for a begginer like me. Thanks.
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실내 온도를 빨리 올리고 싶다면 가습기를 튼다
외출 후 돌아와서 집이 추울 때 보일러 온도를 무작정 높이지 말고 적당한 온도로 맞춘다.
대신 가습기를 틀어 집에 습기를 더한다.
보일러를 작동시키면 바닥이 덥혀지면서 집이 따뜻해지는데,
습도가 높으면 공기 순환이 빨라져 집이 빨리 데워지는 효과가 있다.
출처:다음카페 생활의지혜!
I agree with this article 100%. I always only do one homepage mockup and it works out much better. Saves everyone time and money and produces a better end result.
I agree with this methodology. Relying on clients for design approval is a bad idea. Clients for the most part are not designers and have a limited understanding on what comprises effective and professional design. Presenting a best effort attempt and working from their makes significant sense. As Paul Boag mentions, wasting time and money is fruitless. When working with clients I strive to determine what they need and recommend the implementation. If they knew exactly what they wanted and how to do it they’d likely head over to Elance and post a project detail and be done with it. Designers and developers are there to solve the problem of the project not just fulfill the wants of the client.
If you go down the road of producing one design you better make sure you show the client some hand sketches and really nail down exactly what they are looking for. Half of the time when viewing 3 comps from a designer all 3 are really the same thing with minor variation. You also need to gauge how good your client is at design themselves. I can tell when someone has "repurposed" something else from their portfolio and I can also tell when they aren’t listening to me and head off in their own direction because they know better. Working with a designer can be like dating. One bad evening and it’s all downhill from there.
I feel like offering 3 mockups is important selling tool. It really eases the client mind when signing a contract. Put yourself in there shoes. Yes we all feel comfortable with our design integrity but they are usually new to this process. I offer 3 but in steps, never all at once and with proper planning usually nail the first time. Offer 3, include them in the r&d so they feel like they came up with the ideas, use their color scheme, explain the reasons for the layout through wireframes and nail it. We could all screw around with a million concepts so it’s important to understand the psychological aspects of the process that guide our clients and use our best practices to make the best sites possible. Usually if a client can’t decide on a design it is because they are not clear on what the heck they are selling or how they need to sell it. There is a second job we all have that we all know too well and it is that of a business coach and we’re good at it because we study peoples businesses and marketing all freakin day long. If you have a client and you have gone through designs and nothing is making them happy, know that you will have to hold there hand and coach them through there business. I don’t know about you but unless I have equity in the thing I usually just drop them. State this in your contract that after 3 designs you can fire them and keep the money for time spent on the mockups. I’ve only had to do this once in 8 years of doing websites. The other aspect of this mockup business is sizing up your clients before hand and letting go of the ones you know are going to be a headache. it’s funny, every client that has been great has been easy from the beginning and the opposite goes for the clients that waste my time and money. The hardest thing to do is to have the integrity to turn away money if you know deep down the client is going to be difficult. I always notice if you only take on quality work you always come out on top with peace of mind which allows you to focus on important clients and make more money.
i totally agree and back in 2003 i moved from multiple homepage mockups to single home page mockups and everyone was happier for it. i think this works because you should only invest your time in producing a design that works whereas with multiple mockups there was scope for assumption and guess work, only producing one core design keeps you focused on a single message, strong brand and direct path to purchase.
Personally I concentrate all the creativity on the one mockup. At most times it turns out perfectly what saves time, money and gives the best result for a client. Sometimes, when it does not work out, I come to the second attempt which is programmed to be successful. My personal philosophy is all about the quallity, not quantity. Luckily, the majority of clients appreciates this.
Great article and great comments. I have been using the one mockup approach for years now and it does seem to work better. Too many cooks spoil the broth, too many designs spoil the concept.I use moodboards, wireframes, and I also get the client to browse a few design galleries for some ideas. More important than asking what the client likes I also get them to show me things they don’t like. This has helped me to create more focused mockups and I can usually hit the mark the very first time around. It’s our job to direct the client with our expertise and having 2 or more mockups for something just dilutes the concept.Thanks for the great read.
I have successfully subscribed to the "present one concept" theory for more than a decade. It requires strong strategy, a thorough understanding of the client, the product and it’s competition and an even better understanding of the market, the position you are trying to achieve and the end-user. When you present a 360 degree solution, a solution built around the strategy listed above, you will find that the next words out of your client’s mouth are invariably "it’s perfect, when can you deliver it?"
This is an oft-used approach in architectural planning, and it fails for many of the same reasons- usually there truly is only one solution!
An approach that I’ve used and had pretty decent results with is to show them "half-complete" mock-ups, or loose skins.In other words, show them a layout, but use bland colors, blank shapes instead of logos, empty boxes instead of photos, lorem ipsum text (except for headlines), etc.Many times, this forces the client to focus on layout and usability, rather than the color of somebody’s shirt in a photo, or what have you. Also present a color palette at this time.Once the basic layout is approved, I move on to the full mockup.This doesn’t always work, but it does more often than not. It allows the client to feel as though they’re playing a part in the process. And it makes it easier to adjust and make changes before you go through the tedious work of producing full comp artwork.
I think that the main thing for us has always been to work at doing one concept right based on everything that has come out of our Research and Definition process, which is built around workshopping with the client and understanding their audiences via user research (if they haven’t got budget for that then just working directly with them fills in that knowledge a lot of the time.If you have time to really understand the client business and Brand then a single concept is the way to go - multiple concepts are both a way of acknowledging that you don’t have enough background to shoot for a single concept and a good way to end up with a Frankenstein concept at the end of the day. We’d really prefer to get the knowledge and do an amazing job of a single concept than trying to do multiples - a single concept that really hits the mark is really what the client is looking for as they are paying for expertise and that is the best way to show that to them.
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the best way to get any thig done in less time is to ask your clint to describe what he or she wants or more over write or draw wht they want form us and after that we go throught that demand paper and let them knw if their is some thing tat can done and cant be done :)
i think that web site should be accroding to the tast and mind set up of targeted audions not the owner him ir her self bt it should not neglect thm all togather..:)
This is a good idea and one that we will try on a few projects and see if it works out. Currently we are doing 2-3 mockups on every design which wastes a lot of time and design budget. Thanks.
Идея замечательная. Результатами поставленных экспериментов может кто-то похвастаться?
The question of the day is: How do we know if we are doing any good? ,
The family will want to hear this news from someone they know. ,
Giving clients the option of numerous choices is like taking an 8 year old to an ice cream store with over a hundred flavours and asking them which one they want. You’ll be there forever and a day.
helow How Can’t I Do My wordpress look like this and use my own ads http://xamuure.wordpress.com/ Thanks
I do not agree about multiple mockup, it’s make we confused than creative :(
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